Network Security Essay

Firewall:- A firewall is a software program or a piece of information that help screen out hackers, virus, worms and Trojan horse that try to reach to your computer over the internet. If you use a computer at home the most efficient and important step to help your computer to protect by turning on your firewall. If you have a more than one computer connects in home. It is important to protect every computer. You should have a hardware firewall (such as router) to protect your network, but you should also use software firewall on each computer to prevent the spread of virus your network. If your computer is a part of business, you should follow the policy established by network administrator. How it works:- When your firewall protection is turned on, everything that goes in and out of the network is monitored. The firewall monitors allows ‘good data’ in and block ‘bad data’ from entering your network. Firewall uses one or combination of the following method to control the traffic in and of the network:- 1) Packet filtering:- The most basic form of firewall software uses pre-determined rules to create different filters. If an incoming packet of data (small chunk of data) is flagged by the filters, it is not allowed through. Packets that make it through the filters are sent to requesting system and all others are discarded. 2) Proxy services:- A proxy service is an application that acts as an intermediary between systems. Information from the internet is received by the firewall and sent to the requesting system and vice versa.   Proxy server operates at the application layer of firewall, where both ends of the connection are forced to conduct session through the proxy. They operate by creating and running a process on the firewall that mirrors a service as if it were running on the host end, and thus centralize all the information transfer to the firewall for scanning. 3) Stateful inspection:- The most modern method of firewall scanning that does not rely on memory intensive examination is ‘Stateful inspection’. A Stateful firewall  holds significant attributes of each connection of trusted information for the duration of session. These attributes which are collectively known as state of the connection may include ip addresses, ports involved in the network and number of packets being transferred. Types:- There are two types of firewall that are as follows:- Hardware firewall. Software firewall. 1) Hardware firewall:- Hardware firewall built into the device such as routers and can protect every single machine on a network and require little configuration for efficient work. They mostly use packet filtering technique to examine the header of the packet, determining source and destination, then comparing the data to a set of predefine rules, they decide whether to ignore the packet or forward to the next step or to its final destination. 2) Software firewall:- Software firewalls are the most popular protection method for home users. They usually come as standalone applications or as a part of complete antivirus protection software. That is why it is mostly used in personal network. Antivirus such as bull guard provides besides providing protection for inbound and outbound traffic. A software firewall also protects against worms and Trojan horses. The software firewall must be regularly protected to keep up the latest technology updates and provides effective protection. NOTE:- Each type has advantages and disadvantages, ranging from ease of implementation to high initial cost. Companies should use the firewall as part of overall information security program that includes data integrity, application integrity and data confidentiality and authentication.

Juvenile Correctional Officers Essay

When a person is charged for a crime that was committed and is sentenced to serve time in a facility, a correctional officer is responsible for the supervision and safety of the detainee. Correctional officers work in adult and juvenile detention centers, though in each facility their responsibilities differ pertaining to whether the detainee is an adult or a juvenile. Because of the ages of the detainees a correctional officer at a juvenile detention facility are greater than if they were dealing with adults. To understand what the differences are in regards to a juvenile, one must know, child development, punishment, and deterrence play a part in the unique situations pertaining to a juvenile detainee. Every child that commit’s a crime has their very own unique situation behind the crime. Some children were taught the crimes they commit by a trusted adult, or television. Some may have an underlying mental or psychological defect that brought them to commit the crime. There are also situations where a child was neglected, abandoned, or abused by an adult they cared about, thus bringing violence among the child. A child’s development can play a very important role in corrections. There may be a violent child that may need to be restrained or put in separate quarters to protect themselves as well as other detainees from harm. A child may also need to be medicated because of an underlying condition or disease. All of these factors can not only affect how a child is taken care of in a facility, but also before that when they are arrested and tried. All of the above factors can either help or hurt a child. If there is no proof of abuse or an mental condition, the courts may be less lenient on their charge and sentence, then a troubled child with underlying factors, in which a judge may take those factors into consideration and gives a lesser charge, House them in a mental facility instead, or provide extra programs or services to help the child once detained. Through punishment a court can show the juvenile what happens if they commit a crime and keep them off the street and from the community by taking away their freedom. Most juveniles are punished by a fine, community service, probation, home electronic monitoring, or incarceration in a juvenile detention center. While there they will be under close supervision of correctional officers and therapists in some facilities. There are occasions for serious crimes that a judge will sentence a juvenile to an adult detention center if they have been tried as an adult. The juveniles that are occasionally tried as adults are ones that commit crimes such as manslaughter, sex crimes, or murder. While a juvenile is in a detention center, they can have visitors as long as it is an immediate family member and this is usually on certain days. In some facilities, recreation, religious, and educational programs are given while they are detained as well. â€Å"Increased punishment of juveniles reduces the amount of crime they commit in a way similar to the impact punishment has for adults, according to a new paper by Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicagoâ€Å". â€Å"The evidence suggests that juvenile crime is responsive to harsher sanctions,† Levitt writes. â€Å"The estimated decrease in crime associated with incarcerating an additional juvenile is at least as large as the corresponding reduction in crime for adult offenders†, (Levitt, S, 1998). â€Å"In an effort to strengthen the sanctions for serious juvenile crimes, a number of states have enacted laws increasing the types of offenders and offenses eligible for transfer from the juvenile court to the adult criminal court for trial and potential sentencing†, (Redding, R, 2010). These laws are created to try and set precedent to deter juveniles from following certain crime trends and teach them what is in store for them if they do offend. Deterrence has became a popular practice in the criminal justice system. With success of a deterrence, jails and detention centers do not get overcrowded, and more money of the individual states can go to fund therapeutic programs and services to assist troubled individuals. In some instances, a juvenile can be given an opportunity to make heir offense right by attending therapy and psychological meetings, thus helping them cope with whatever issues they may have. This can aid in deterring the individual from committing a crime. Juveniles are our future and it is the responsibility of us adults to help them grow up into fine law abiding individuals and not into a life of crime. To help adults teach juveniles they , must know the juvenile corrections department and educate their children. Knowing how a child develops, how punishment can help, and ways to deter the juvenile are good practices for any parent and adult to learn. For us to safely say we raised our kids right, we must keep the world free of crime and full of love. Resources Redding, Richard, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, US Dept of Justice, Juvenile Transfer Laws, 2010, Right Margin Steven Levitt, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, Juvenile Delinquents, University of Chicago News Office, December 21, 1998, Para. 1.

Case study Community Impact Practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2669 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Community Impact Practice Topic: Case study Community Impact Practice Table of Contents Introduction. Purpose. Learning objectives. Definitions and importances of Critical Reflection and reflective practice.. Defining Critical Reflection Defining Reflective Practice. The value and method of reflective practice Personal Development Planning Defining PDP Purpose of PDP.. Situation analysis of Personal Development Planning Continuing Professional Development.. Defining CPD. Purpose of CPD Situation analysis of Continuing Professional Development. Relationship between Critical reflection with PDPCPD.. Conclusion. References. Introduction One of the most conspicuous trends in the 21st century is the more complex development in human thinking. Based on community impact practice, social environment changing, it self-reflections and self-criticism are the requirement for one who is making progress as only by knowing what the shortcoming. Thus, this report presents the purpose of CIP and learning objectives, and then intends to understand the meaning of Critical reflections and Reflective Practice, the value and method of meditative practice. So, this article is going to explain two concepts of PDP and then defining the PDP, and discusses the purpose of the PDP and Situation analysis of PDP, and then explains another one concept, Continuing Professional Development, and last part will talk over how critical reflection can be employed to encourage individuals from an inner and external focus on the organizational system. The last section of the story will be discussed relationship between Critical reflection and PDPCPD i n directing the soul to build up external and inner focus. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case study Community Impact Practice" essay for you Create order Definitions and importances of Critical Reflection and reflective practice Defining Critical Reflection, there seems to be a lack of a show understanding of critical observation, as it is a contested term reflecting the political orientation of the user. Depending on oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective critical reflection can be inferred to imply very different things (Boyd Fales, 1993) and varies within individuals and contexts. Critical reflection is about a key factor in studying process of people and in many areas of professional practice (Brookfield, 2009), Critical reflection is included in many factors of professional development and practice, including the all factors of management, instructing, and health care training as it encourages people to link into their own professionalism through their experiences. (Smith, 2011). About the Critical reflection is used in education to promote the citizenry how to ameliorate their own self-assurance. What difference does reflective practice make? Reflective practices are relating methods and techniques, t hese two concepts, how these two concepts can help people and groups reflect on their own experience and actions in order to engage in a process of continuous learning. Based on reflective practice will appear some question such as how reflective practice can improve development professional? Reflective practice can encourage and have people know what people want and intentions, refer to values, visions and support people to go in a specific region, and show where may be working with emotional and personal demanding environments. People will hold back thinking how can people make a difference in the universe? More development professionals can gain from innovative part and creative part base on approach to contemplative practice, other questions are why reflective practice influence people at work? Reflective practice should be a special powerful skill for people working on organizational learning outcome in evaluation, monitoring, reflective practice, is a very important dimensi on of monitoring and evaluation, organizational learning, and attention to power and relationship in aid. The value and method of reflective practice refer to three concepts, Critical incident, mind mapping and going to discuss the final concept is reflective journals mean learning journals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is a way to speculate in our work such as, project thinks, beliefs, values and views. It should be performed on a laptop or finish on composition, keeping a reflective practice also mean learning journals will encourage people to more focus on opinions and own thinking, experiment with ideas then ask more special questions, also produce voice and acquire more assurance, develop conceptual and analytical sciences, express feelings and thinkings and emotional responses, develop a conversation with others develop writing skills and writing style, explore different ways of authorship. When maintaining a learning diary, these crowns would be useful to attempt to record every day, try using language comfortable, try to write more diagrams, be relaxed and prosperous. Personal Development Planning Personal development planning is determined as a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to meditate upon their own scholarship, performance and achievement what project people do in personal life, education level and job growth. PDP also defined as people pose a plan or a goal that aims at creating self-awareness that will guide the masses to accomplish with that aspiration in their vocation, education or in other states. Personal development planning includes studying outcome and relate to scheduling such as, an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goals and company achievement, doing, recording such as own ideas and experiences, reflective practice and review and the experiences. The objective of personal development planning laid the foundation for an individual ideas and thinking performance to create a strategy on which to develop their own special needs in the future, depend on the personal development planning need to understanding the gap between the two conc epts are need and success, then will include personal professional desires but will be under people clear thinking and achievable aims, a suitable reason to meet these aims. Personal development planning is very useful for writing a record of practicing as achievement. Personal development plan, In fact, there can be immense benefits such as benefits of academic functioning, professional life and personal spirit. Can benefit for employers, if everything turns out as planned. When doing business can touch to formal personal development program, this can action plan associated with thinking, can improve the motivation. Post analysis of the personal evolution plan, it can signify a step of PDP, it will relate to personal life, and the PDP is something that about long-term period. In work place a procedure follows, first can create a clear mind map and dreams, then provide chances to build up the knowledge, skills to achieve those ambitions, also have opportunities to try out new are as to have a fuller apprehension of the capacity, and then get employees trust and share reflection, also need to think carefully to make sound picks. Personal development plan process may be relative with annual appraisal.Now, talk about benefits of personal development plan to academic performance, make a long-term personal plan and draw a mind map are good for career development, there has some advantages of taking a personal development plan such as, when make a personal development plan can gaining a clearer mind map and focus learning, second, people have clear mind map for career, can helping to keep them motivated, also can help people know how to improve their performance, Reflective thinking skills in performance, more awareness to let people know what is new problems and contexts, those are the benefits of a personal development plan for academic performance. Founded on personal development plan will linked with professional spirit, why require a personal evolution plan in people professional life? There have benefits such as, when people reach a plan for long-term career, can show clearer ideas about the life and work, also can develop the positive attitudes with professional spirit, get more confidence in the skills and make a selection. And the final one is benefits of personal development plan to personal life, have a more serious understanding about employment, having a better stead to fix a choice and also can develop a positive, look-forward attack. Continuing Professional Development CPD is an abbreviation for Continuing Professional Development. It means the cognitive operation of chasing and the knowledge, experience to work, beyond any initial practices, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s about work experience, course learns and then apply. Today, the Earth is running ever faster so ongoing continuing professional development is to support in current career, and continuing professional development is solely about the improving skills, knowledge and capabilities to effective in long-term life history. In facts, almost everything such as accomplishments, knowledge that improvise considered as carrying on professional development. It is a positive tool that benefits for people, the continuing professional development process has helped people manage their own development, also is to help people to record, review and think over what they are stating. The key features of the Continuing Professional Development process, be a documented procedure, are self-directed and focus point of catching out some work experience, reflective studying then critique, need to make development objectives and targets. The first step is a documented process, it implies maintaining a scholarship and record whatever ways suit best, it that relates to record, experience and review. And then is be self-directed, driven by the masses. Need to take a clearer mind map for it, focus on learning from experience, reflective and review, based on that, it can support in career, people hold to define growth goals and objective in future careers, continuing professional development is more or less how to sustainability professionals, include both formal and informal learning. It is also very useful to our current job, can provide mind maps of professional growth to date, helps people understand is that job suitable or not, if not, it can a possible career change, also can open up further development needs, reveal gaps in skills and ability, help directs persons career and show the goals and objects. And how continuing professional development benefits? Such as, can perform better understanding in current job development, provides a goal and objectives and achieve the peoples choice, improve self-confidence, develop professional ability and reputation. How continuing professional development benefits of organization? Such as, the company people work if commitment to continuing professional development it can benefit for the organization, something like higher workplace performance to the organization, and higher Skilling staff, unlocking the thinking and talent, improved employers motivation.And continuing professional development is about the sustainability for a career, and sustainability is an important point for CPD, because, when people understand what kind a job suitable for life, then will thinking how to sustainability for this job in a future career, people only got 40 years to work, if keep changing jobs, then will do nothing, and nothing can do w ell, therefore, sustainability is very important for career. Relationship between Critical reflection with PDPCPD Personal development plans critical reflection is a well-proven means by which all students, are kept thinking more or less their own objectives and forward motion, and then identifying the further improvement and growth fields. Relationship between critical reflection with a personal development plan and extending professional development, hear talk about critical reflection with PDP, personal evolution plan is about the masses make a plan for long-term, have a clear mind map in the future. And how relates to critical reflection? In facts, when people thinking personal development program, then it will pertain to critical reflection. First of all, when people build personal growth plan they need to recognize what the major or course they read before because that is important, based on in study time, what major people choose is related to their future career development, and is that have any workplace experience earlier. Nowadays, work experience is important, if people go inter view, the manager will ask is that people have work experience before? And I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give birth, the company may not desire to hire. And that is why work experience important, based on work experience, people work few jobs before, and they will know what kind a job they like. If people donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any work experience, people even donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know what job they like then will keep changing jobs, and if want make a personal development plan, need to understand what people want and what job people like, and that is about work experience. Another is what people really want in the future? The masses demand to see what they want when they establish a personal evolution program. Critical reflection can help people think clearly, have a clear mind map then development what their intentions and objectives, encourage them to reach those objectives. And that is critical reflection relate to personal evolution plan. Critical reflection relates to continuing professional development, extending professional development is focused on career sustainable, based along the career sustainable, people demand to think really carefully because is relate the last 40 years what people working. First of all, need to think what kind a job is suitable, and conceive what kind a job can have. And donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t feel boring and donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want change job again. That is significant, if kept changing jobs and so will make people have nothing, just about life circle, nothing can do in the time to come and that is why critical reflection is important. Established along the critical reflection is about keeping thinking process, thinking what major people learn, and what kind a experience people have, and what kind a job is suitable. And that can furnish a mind map to create continuing professional development, after the thinking, know what kind a job people like and make a plan how to sustainable career. And wholly that are a ssociated with critical reflection, if without critical reflection, just now, people will donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know what they want to be, and what job they like. So will keep changing jobs, barely like a circle, at the close of the day, doing nothing in the final 40 years. And that is why critical reflection is important, relationship between personal development plans and extending professional development. Conclusion In this report, introduce the purpose of CIP and learning objectivesaims, and then intends to understand the meaning of Critical reflections and Reflective Practice, the value and method of meditative practice. So, this report is already explained two concepts of PDP and then defining the PDP, and discusses the role of the Personal Development Planning and Situation analysis of Personal Development Planning, and then explains another one concept, also explain CPD the aim and objectives of CPD, and situation analysis of CPD. And based on that, critical reflection is related with PDPCPD, without critical reflection people wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept a clear mind map for the future career development. And then the last division of the report is about discussing the relationship between Critical reflection and Personal Development PlanningContinuing Professional Development in the individual external and internal References Mezirow, J. (1998). On critical reflection.Adult Education Quarterly,48(3), 185-198. Ulrich, W. (2000). Reflective practice in the civil society: the contribution of critically systemic thinking.Reflective Practice,1(2), 247-268. Irwin, G., Hanton, S., Kerwin, D. (2004). Reflective practice and the origins of elite coaching knowledge.Reflective practice,5(3), 425-442. JOHNS, C. (1995). The value of reflective practice for nursing.Journal of Clinical Nursing,4(1), 23-30. Bullock, K., Jamieson, I. (1998). The effectiveness of personal development planning.Curriculum journal,9(1), 63-77. Clegg, S., Bradley, S. (2006). Models of Personal Development Planning: practice and processes.British Educational Research Journal,32(1), 57-76. Jackson, N. (2001). Personal development planning: what does it mean.Higher Education Academy from https://www. heacademy. ac. uk/ourwork/teachingandlearning. Monks, K., Conway, E., Dhuigneain, M. N. (2006). Integrating personal deve lopment and career planning The outcomes for first year undergraduate learning.Active Learning in Higher Education,7(1), 73-86. Officer, C. O. (2012). Continuing professional development.British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing,8(1), 5. Newton, J. (1993). Continuing professional development.The New Zealand dental journal,89(395), 9-12. Le Moine, F., Viton, J. M., Remy-Neris, O., Joseph, P. A., Yelnik, A. (2011). Continuing Professional Development.Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine,54, e52. Moon, J. A. (2006).Learning journals: A handbook for reflective practice and professional development. Taylor Francis. Chalk, P., Hardbattle, D. (2007). Does reflective writing in the PDP Improve science and engineering studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ learning.Investigations in university teaching and learning,4(2), 33-41. Cross, V., Caladine, L., Morris, J., Hilton, R., Bristow, H., Moore, A. (2006).The practice-based educator: a reflective tool for CPD and accreditat ion. John Wiley Sons. Kelchtermans, G. (2004). CPD for professional renewal: Moving beyond knowledge for practice.International handbook on the continuing professional development of teachers, 217-237.

Analytical Case Report on This Case Sucks Beavis,...

Written Analysis of Case Siddharth Malhotra | Section MC-8 | 0328/49 Analytical Case Report on This Case Sucks: Beavis, Butt-Head, and TV Content (A) The Case as it stands: Beavis and Butt-Head, an animated series, made its debut on MTV in 1992. The show features two uncivilized teen-aged misfits who became a symbol of a heated debate in the USA about violent and inappropriate television shows. The vulgarity, impoliteness, cruelty and pyromania of the featured characters has often been linked to juvenile crudeness, violence and deviant acts performed by teenagers. Objective of Report: This is an analytical report on the varied perception of the animated series â€Å"Beavis and Butt-Head† aired on MTV and the ensuing debate on the affect†¦show more content†¦| Problem Inference: We may suggest that in view of the high popularity of the show, the inherent assumption that the show should be pulled off air in view of its depiction of deviant behavior is might not entirely be correct. It is possible that the show is only bringing out deep set tendencies in the youth of today, which are not expressed in normal routine due to societal norms. The origin of these tendencies could be traced back to faulty upbringing during formative years or the presence of family instability, chaos and insecurity. Hence blaming a TV show for the rise of crime is not entirely correct, because television violence might just be acting as a vent for pre existing mindsets. Decision Analysis: Decision Objective: The short term objective focuses on promoting the show to continue as it has a cult following and simultaneously reducing the incidence of juvenile crime and incidence of antisocial and deviant behavior. In the long term the objective is to target the root of such criminal tendencies and improve overall quality of family life and provide children with the security, education and care during their formative years. Criteria (i) Ratings of the show: These give a fair idea about the demand for the show amongst the viewers and can be used to target the right audience and also place the show appropriate timings on TV. (ii) Incidence of crime amongst juveniles who watch TV violence: The crime rates should be

Greek Tragedy Written By Euripides And Sophocles - 1150 Words

Sean Lucander World Drama English 3000 Dr. Martyniuk Paper #1 Greek theater production dates back as early as the sixth and fifth century BCE (Gainor, Garner, and Puchner 4). Greek tragedies written by Euripides and Sophocles are some of the most famous (Gainor, Garner, and Puchner 4). The tragedies written by these playwrights are well known and the audiences are able to enjoy the story and message portrayed by the actors and chorus. Greek theater designates tragedy as the result of: the demise of characters, by means of poor decisions, devastation and demise. According to Gainor, this destruction is known as â€Å"Tragic Flaw.† The character misunderstands and misinterprets actions or poor judgment (Gainor, Garner, and Puchner 6). Particularly Sophocles’ Oedipus vividly illustrates the concept of tragic flaw by means of fate, hubris, and decadence on multiple proportions. Greek culture is firmly rooted in the idea of Classical philosophy (Nardo 23). The Greeks believe one’s fate is pre-determined and cannot be changed or altered, is it just something you must accept. Within this principle of free will, one must make prudent, ethical decisions, and hope that the God’s (Greeks believe in polytheism) are sympathetic toward one’s misfortune (Nardo 23). Sophocles’ carefully incorporates the idea of having a prophecy as a recurring theme. The play begins with Oedipus who is a strong, admirable king. One day Oedipus was traveling to the city of Thebes. Arriving in Thebes,Show MoreRelatedThe Era of Greek Tragedy Essay2487 Words   |  10 PagesThe Era of Greek Tragedy In Athens, during the final thirty years of sixth century B.C. playwrights began creating the earliest drama in all of Europe, Greek tragedy (Sifakis, â€Å"Greek Tragedy†). Though now the products of the movement are seen as pieces of literature to be read, they originated as theatrical pieces meant to be performed on the stage. 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Market Segmentation in Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question Discuss about the Market Segmentation in Australia. Answer: Market segmentation in Australia According to TrackMaven |Marketing Analytics Software (2018), market segmentation is amarketing strategy that entails dividing a market into smaller portions according to specific characteristics. This tactic helps marketers, in particular, to come up with customized campaigns for each group to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Marketing segments are created following the criteria below: Here, members of a particular segment are similar to each other and anyone can distinctively identify them from other groups. This could be group travelers or solo travelers. Strengths of a destination. Different destinations suit different tourist. This means that every type of destination will attract a particular type of tourists. For instance, destinations with children friendly facilities are likely to form a segment for family tourist destinations. A segment may not necessarily target a big population for it to be viable. Some segments aim at a smaller niche provided the market for particular destinations is large and lucrative. This is the ability to communicate effectively with the destination managers and target segments. For instance, newlyweds are likely to read weddings and marriage bulletins and magazines. Tourism bodies and agencies should then advertise for suitable destinations in such platforms. For every segment, there should be a channel to easily reach them. Bases of market segmentation They include the following: Psychographic segmentation. Here, tourists can be classified into segments according to their lifestyles, personalities, and attitude towards life. Psychographic segmentation mainly focuses on peoples purchase behavior towards certain products. As discussed in Your Article Library (2018),people purchase new products in the following categories: Innovators. This group of the population is always open to trying new products. They are venturesome and an easy target for new travel packages that suit them. Early adopters. These are influential people with whom the average buyer/ clients check whether a new product is legitimate. They include the media, licensing bodies and experts. For instance, celebrities are highly used to advertise new travel destinations. They are seen as opinion shapers who influence the perception of their followers. Early majority. This group likes checks legitimacy of products before buying. They are keen to read reviews of hyped new destinations. Late majority. They wait until a product has earned public trust. Laggards. They are traditional buyers. They hold on to old things and they rarely adopt new products. Behavioristic segmentation. People are classified according to their attitude, use, and knowledge of specific products. This is influenced by variables like user status (regular, non-users and occasional users). The second variable is the purchase occasion e.g. a destination may advertise itself as the perfect holiday or hiking destination. Lastly, people purchase depending on the benefits they expect to get. Eg. A destination that offers spa treatments and more complimentary in their packages is likely to win more customers (LLP, 2018). Demographic segmentation. This is classifying people according to age, gender, income, education, and occupation. It is important in identifying the right tourism destinations for each group. This study focuses on making Australia a destination for young tourists. This is done by providing fun-filled activities such as snorkeling, water rafting and surfing in the major destinations. Benefit segmentation. Tourists choose places, accommodation facilities or agencies based on the benefits offered. This is very important in knowing what different types of tourists prefer. Eg. Some tourists may prefer complimentary city tours when visiting new countries. This basis is important because it focuses on identifying the unique customer needs. It focuses on customer satisfaction and it's easy to use for tourism agencies or facilities penetrating the market. According to Tkaczynski, Rundle-Tiele, and Beaumont (2009, 169-175), benefit segmentation mostly focuses on the services offered by a marketer. How Australia has positioned itself for market segmentation As analyzed by Tourism.australia.com (2018),the youth (people between 19-29 years) contributes to 25% of the total visits in Australia and 42% of all visitor spending. This is as a result of the campaign dubbed theres nothing like Australia. It has been considered to be appealing to the youth and it portrays the country as a place where young people can juggle easily with work, studying, visiting friends and relatives as well touring the country. The youth has then become a very viable market segment for tourism in the country. This positioning has made the customers more specific and distinctive. With the current public perception among the youths, most youths are now attracted to study, work and tour Australia. This makes Australia a favorite destination for young people. With this in mind, it is now defined as the heartthrob of activities to fascinate the youth. The beauty of Australia, activities, and facilities are also getting tailored to suit the needs of the youth. The market segment (youth) is now distinct and defined and has a large population. Though the figures may change over time, this is evidence that market segmentation actually works References Destinationnsw.com.au, (2018)Market Segments | Destination NSW. [online] Available at: https://www.destinationnsw.com.au/tourism/facts-and-figures/market-segments [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018]. LLP, B., (2018)Meeting the needs of younger travelers - Targeting a market segment - Australia | Australia case studies and information | Business Case Studies. [online] Businesscasestudies.co.uk. Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/australia/targeting-a-market-segment/meeting-the-needs-of-younger-travellers.html [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018]. Tkaczynski, A., Rundle-Tiele, S., Beaumont, N. (2009) Segmentation: A tourism stakeholder view. Tourism Management, 2nd edn. Pearson publishers. Tourism.australia.com, (2018)Youth - Corporate - Tourism Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.tourism.australia.com/en/markets-and-research/industry-sectors/youth.html [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018]. Track Maven | Marketing Analytics Software, (2018)Market Segmentation Definition Track Maven. [online] Available at: https://trackmaven.com/marketing-dictionary/market-segmentation/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018]. Your Article Library, (2018)Market Segmentation: 7 Bases for Market Segmentation | Marketing Management. [online] Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/marketing-management/market-segmentation-7-bases-for-market-segmentation-marketing-management/27959 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2018].

Learning Strategies rely heavily on employee involvement Essay Example Essay Example

Learning Strategies rely heavily on employee involvement Essay Example Paper Learning Strategies rely heavily on employee involvement Essay Introduction â€Å"Learning Strategies rely heavily on employee involvement† (Gomez, 2003:3). Discuss critically how employees were motivated to participate in learning organisation environment of Equipos. You should draw on theories of motivation and cross cultural management in your answer. MNCs is those organisations which are operational in different countries as franchise or itself business or in a form of international joint venture (IJV), though the concept and approaches of MNCs for the country were under studies since long but due to globalisation it pace of doing and managing a business is more rapid as ever before. Since organisations, now a day paying more focus on the soft side of HR as they realise employees, their skills and human related intangible stuff are no more alien for the organisation as in past HR was concerned as mob, for any organisational success, its human resource are playing the vital role and key difference among the competitors. Their intangible assets such as knowledge, skills etc. are essential to groom in an organisational context. Among several strategies, learning is key which produced drastic impact of organisational culture (Joy Kolb 2009; Yoshitaka 2005). Learning Strategies rely heavily on employee involvement Essay Body Paragraphs Also, these learning strategies can only be successful upon strong employee’s involvement. Todays’ diverse nature of these MNCs compels managers to use and understand different cross cultural approaches which motivate culture-specific employees to render their best for organisation. The case of Equipos is one example of such organisation which subsidies the impact of national culture (which is Mexican) and successful implement the learning strategies to turn itself into a learning organisation. This can only be possible by not cultural stereotyping, rather managers at Equipos struggled for achieving all this, by understanding the management of cross culture in the work place which urge the employees to participate in the organisational context. This study focuses different cross cultural theories and motivational frameworks with which Equipos manage to turn into a learning organisation. The focus of this study is to analyse the statement that learning strategies rely he avily on employee involvement in the light of different cross cultural, motivation and learning theories. Though not a single theory can be fully implemented on Equipos, as it is the case of US MNC in Mexico which leads the cross cultural examination, but the main stress on the Hofstede, Trompenaars and GLOBE concept of managing cross culture including little emphasis on Schein’s model. This is because several of Hofstede five dimensions and Trompenaars seven dimensions are closely related with case, discuss in the analysis section. Learning theories which accounts are Social learning theory, Peter Senge model of LO and, that of 4I model of LO, especially the two dimension such as member solidarity and constructive engagement are more closely related as prove in the analysis section. Further, different motivational theories use in context to employees’ motivation at Equipos such as Handy motivational calculus’s need, desire and result used to explain those facto rs which urge employees’ involvement in organisational culture. This is supported by Porter and Lawler’s model which explains the two step performance based motivation process in the context of Equipos. The main themes, which literature pointed out for enhancing the process of learning with in the organisation, may include knowledge diffusion, knowledge capturing and accumulation: are catches the significant importance while HR strategies are being an exercise within organisation. (Blacker, 1995) pointed out the five different types of knowledge repositories which helps an organisation to be a learning organisation it includes embrained , embodied , encultured , embedded and encoded knowledge which encompasses somehow the blend of tacit and explicit knowledge altogether. Among these types, embrained and embodied knowledge individually situated explicit and tacit form respectively which enables the individual to participate in overall organisational learning, if knowled ge repository properly embrace with enough motivation. Constructive engagement and member solidarity are two main components of (Jacky, Stanley, ; Smith, 2006) social learning theory which engage the employees for active participation (Orlikowski, 2002) who recognise this as competence. Furthermore, open experience sharing is another key component of any organisational learning as well as constructive engagement where members exchanges their ideas, share their tacit knowledge (Wenger 1998). Whereas, the most significant part of this social theory of motivation is member solidarity which creates the sense of mutual trust and accountability enhance motivating individuals with in organisational context to share their embodied and embrained knowledge with each other as in the case of Mexican organisation which is US based MNC’s subsidiary. Research indicates that the international joint ventures may weaken the organisational learning if differences occur at senior management leve l (Danis 2003), but in this case study, American businesses and Mexican managers have done nice job and was well planned and committed to organisational learning from the start of business because rather than fully owing the organisation they started their business by Joint venture which integrated senior level managers from Mexico as well, furthermore, company retained those managers remain at same when company owned the organisation as a subsidiaries(Gomez 2004) . (Crossan et al. 1999) suggested the 4 I framework for learning organisation (LO) which includes intuition, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalising as key methods for LO at individual, group and organisation level. The application of 4I model is visible in the Mexican subsidiary of US MNC i.e. global learning for an organisation with in such cross cultural environment can only be possible while these factors ( 4 I ) are actually implemented and synchronise, for example, in 1992 ,the plant initiated the process o f employee empowerment which was the first step towards self-managed teams. This process required high level of involvement by each individual of organisation since it worked in team fashion in which team leader was rotated every three months. Without using individual correct intuitive and interpretation power , one cannot execute the role of team leader and after that integration is done by manager which called their selves as facilitators in the context of employee empowerment, this ultimately institutionalise and practice the self-managed teams at end. Furthermore, this enable organisation to practice the shared vision, personal mastery, systematic thinking, and managing the diversity in organisation (P. Senge 1994; PM Senge et al. 1994), which overall enhance the employee motivation. For example, in Equipos the process of ownerships to self-managed teams reflect its true application. 3.2 CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN EQUIPOS: On account of national culture, Mexican culture is hig h power distance culture (G Hofstede 1984) which means acceptance of inequalities, power is distributed un-equally, acceptance of hierarchies are embedded in organisation structure. According PDI ( power distance index) , Mexico’s score were 81 than that of US ( Whose was 40) which supports high power distance culture (G Hofstede 2009), furthermore, by investigating other Hofstede’s cultural dimensions such as Mexican culture is less individualistic than that of US ( IDV score is 30 as compare to 91 for US ), this reflects that to implement successful learning strategies in Equipos is more cumbersome because of their high power distance and highly collective culture which is oriented towards family and extended family members such as friends. Also, it is worth noting that Mexican culture is more uncertainty avoidance culture ( UAI score is 82 than that of 46 for US), which interpret as intolerant to deviant persons and ideas (Browaeys Price 2011; Orr 1990), this might rigid their behaviour towards learning leading to resistance towards organisational learning which occupied with individual behaviour (Nonaka Konno 1998). Due to these culture specific characteristics it is incongruent to align and engage Equipos directly with organisational learning practices, so to encourage employee involvement in more significant manner, the process of learning began with employee empowerment rather than the direct learning strategy i.e. self-managed work teams (Gomez 2004). Both , Mexican and US culture are of Masculine in nature( MAS score is 69 and 62 respectively) which means ambition motivates (Browaeys Price 2011) the employees to perform well and involve more enthusiastically. Similar to Hofstede’s cultural dimension, GLOBE ( Global leadership and organisational behaviour effectiveness) research also suggest same dimensions such as power distance and uncertainty avoidance while studying the cluster of Latin America (House et al. 2004). Another i nteresting dimension of GLOBE which might be relate in context of motivation with cross cultural practices is Performance orientation which in literature supported by McClelland (1961) work on motivation such as need for achievement (Wolf 2004), which if great then people have rigorous desire to success and vice versa. As from the Mexican cultural aspect it is quite clear that they enjoy showing their work and have it recognised by their peers which act as motivator to them for McClelland above dimension of motivation, keeping this fact, organisational culture of Equipos are designed for employee involvement by organising ‘ Continuous improvement fair’ and ‘Liberation ceremony’ (Gomez 2004) which provide them chance of showing their actual potential and work to their colleagues and bosses , further supported by bonus which is some extrinsic motivation. 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